Educational Sciences

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Openness to Violation of Ethical Decision (OVED) scale, which measures teachers' openness to violation of their own ethical decision under the influence of key constituencies at the school including students, managers, colleagues and parents. In the development process, reviewing the related literature, gathering expert opinions, conducting interviews with teachers were respectively followed in the respective order. The resulting two level (high and low moral intensity conditions) scale form was subjected to a pilot study with 176 teachers. Two separate exploratory factor analyses (EFA) on low and high moral intensity dimensions of the scale suggested a robust four factor solutions explaining more than70 percent of the variance on both parts. In order to verify the four factor solution, a second study with 508 teachers was conducted. Because of violating the normality assumption, Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was conducted. At first, the reliability of the scale was checked by Cronbach's alpha and Composite Reliability values. Cronbach's alpha values were higher than .88 and Composite Reliability values were all higher than .90 for each of the four factors, indicating high reliability. Finally, the results of PLS-SEM values on convergent and discriminant validity revealed high levels of convergent validity and discriminant validity scores for both parts of the scale, which affirmed the validity of the scale.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ikamet edilen yerden uzak
bir kurumda çalışan öğretmenlerin yaşadığı sorunları
ortaya çıkarmak ve bu sorunların öğretmenlerin mesleki
ve özel hayatlarına nasıl yansıdığını anlayabilmektir. Bu
çalışmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan olgubilim
kullanılmıştır. Veriler, 8 ana soru ve 11 sonda
sorudan oluşan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile
Burdur’un X ilçesinde görev yapan ancak orada ikamet
etmeyen 12 öğretmen ile yüz yüze görüşme yapılarak elde
edilmiştir. Bu görüşmeler sonucunda 5 ana kategori ve 16
temadan oluşan Kategoriler ve Temalar tablosu
hazırlanmış ve bu tabloya göre analiz yapılmıştır.
Görüşme yapılan öğretmenlerin neredeyse hepsi,
kurumlarına ulaşmada fizyolojik ve psikolojik olarak
sıkıntı yaşadıklarını, bunların etkilerinin gün içerisinde de
kendini gösterdiğini ifade etmişlerdir. Gün boyu
evlerinden uzak olmaları; beslenme düzenlerini, aile
hayatı ve motivasyonlarını olumsuz etkilediğini dile
getiren öğretmenlerden bir kısmı, maddi destek
sağlanması durumunda mesleğini bırakmak
isteyeceklerini de dile getirmişlerdir. Ancak, yaşadıkları
yere yakın bir kurumda çalışmaları durumunda ise
mesleklerini bırakmak istemeyeceklerini de ifade
etmişlerdir. Sonuç olarak, bu araştırmadan öğretmenlerin
ikamet ettikleri yere uzak bir kurumda çalışmaları
öğretmenlerin hem özel hayatlarını hem de mesleki
yaşantılarını olumsuz etkilediği anlaşılabilmektedir.
Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmada öğretmenlerin yaşadıkları
sorunların iyileştirilmesine yönelik çeşitli çözüm önerileri
geliştirilmiştir.
Abstract in English
The purpose of this study is to understand the
problems faced by teachers who work in districts away
from their homes and to understand its reflection on their
professional and private lives. The phenomenological
approach was preferred for this study. Data is gathered by
semi-structured interview schedule that consists of 8 main
and 11 sub-questions. In total 12 participants who work in
a district away from their homes took place in the study
after getting appropriate permission from their
institutions. Data is presented according to five categories
and 16 themes emerged after interviews. Almost every
participant indicated that they have physiological and
psychological problems, while they are going to their
workplaces and this affects them during the day too.
Some of the participants complain about their nutrition
opportunities, and think their family life and motivation
towards work is negatively affected by being far away
from home. Some of the participants think of quitting the
work if they have alternatives. However they also indicate
that they stay at work if they have a position in nearby
districts. As a result, it could be concluded that teachers’’
private life and professional life are negatively affected
by working away from home. Additionally, suggestions
gathered from the teachers were also discussed in this
study.

Sixty-five durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) genotypes were grown in a zinc (Zn)-deficient calcareous soil in a greenhouse for 32 days with (+Zn=5 mg Zn kg soil) and without (−Zn) Zn supply to study genotypic variation in tolerance to Zn deficiency. Genotypes were ranked for their tolerance to Zn deficiency based on the relative shoot growth (Zn efficiency ratio) defined as the ratio of shoot dry weight under Zn deficiency to the shoot dry weight under adequate Zn supply. Zinc deficiency resulted in marked decreases in shoot dry matter production of the genotypes following 32 days of growth. Shoot dry weight of most genotypes was similar under adequate Zn supply, but differed greatly under Zn deficiency. Consequently, the Zn efficiency ratio showed a large variability and ranged between 20% to 51%. Generally, the genotypes showing lower tolerance to Zn deficiency had lower absolute shoot dry weight under Zn deficiency than the genotypes having greater tolerance to Zn deficiency. Differences in tolerance to Zn deficiency were related very significantly to the total amount (content) of Zn per shoot of the genotypes, but poorly to the concentration of Zn in shoot. As the shoot Zn concentration did not vary much between the genotypes under Zn deficiency, the higher amount of Zn per shoot of the Zn-efficient genotypes was a reflection of their greater shoot dry weight. Seed Zn concentration of the genotypes was quite similar and ranged from 18 to 25 mg kg DW for almost all genotypes. Therefore, the genotypic variation in tolerance to Zn deficiency was most likely inherent and not related to the seed Zn content. The results of the present study show existence of a large variation in tolerance to Zn deficiency in durum wheat, and suggest that the absolute shoot growth like the relative shoot growth (Zn efficiency ratio) can be used as a reliable plant parameter for screening the durum wheat genotypes for their tolerance to Zn deficiency, provided that genotypes have a similar growth rate under adequate Zn supply.

In this study, 12 cases of reconstruction of the heel and plantar area since 1982 are reviewed. Six nonsensate muscle free flaps and six sensate fasciocutaneous flaps were used, respectively. Categories assessed were the time interval for return to daily living activities, sensation to light touch, pinprick, Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test of the reconstructed area for sensory evaluation; and results of pedograms (maximal pressure, pressure distribution, and total contact area of the plantar surface). Follow-up periods were between 2 and 14 years, with an average of 6 years. Better sensory results and early return to daily living activities were observed in the sensate flap group, but the defects were smaller in this group. Despite the slightly longer time to return to daily living activities and worse sensory results, long-term follow-up showed that patients with nonsensate flaps had no difficulty in performing living activities if they continued to be careful and to use some kind of protective shoes. The results of the pedogram analyses were similar between the two groups with regard to total contact area of the reconstructed foot in relation to the healthy foot. Pressure values of the reconstructed areas in sensate flaps were found to be close to pressure values in the same weight areas of the normal foot. The differences between pressure values of the sensate and nonsensate flaps were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Therefore, in reconstruction of the weight-bearing surface of the foot, each case should be evaluated individually. The reconstructive method should be chosen according to the location and soft-tissue requirements of the defect.

... 3/4, 1996 Effect of Magnetic Field and Temperature on the Voltage -Current Characteristics of YBCO Superconductor H. B0ciak, BA Albiss, I. Ercan*, H. Ozkan, and N. Gasanly ... The probes were fixed with silver paste on the surface of a rectangular shaped samples (8• ramS). ...

OBJECTIVES: To examine the value of uterine artery Dopp-ler at 11-14 weeks of gestation in the identification of wom-en at risk of developing pre-eclampsia and fetal growth re-striction. METHODS: Uterine artery Doppler was carried out at 11-14 weeks in 187 ...

In this research, the aim is to determine opinions of students participating in the pedagogical formation certificate program with regard to the teaching profession and the formation program. Study group of the research consists of 136 students who receive teaching formation education in the Faculty of Educational Sciences in Mehmet Akif Ersoy University as of fall term in the academic year of 2014-2015. In the research as a qualitative study, the phenomenological pattern is used. The data used in the study was collected by means of a question form developed by researchers and consisting of three parts. Research data was analyzed using the frequency analysis and the content analysis techniques. As a result of analyses, it was concluded that most of the participants considered teaching profession as a suitable profession for their personalities, and they thought that formation training was necessary for teaching profession and formation program brought teachers in the knowledge, skills and attitudes required for the teaching profession. In addition, for improving the quality of the program, it was also observed that the participants gave so many suggestions that the program should not be provided in concentrated form and that teaching practice duration and effectiveness should be increased, the program seriously should be taken by both students and instructions, the number of students in classes should be reduce and should be brought criteria in student acceptance.